The conflict had both political and military dimensions. Others, such as a number of Basque academics and historians commissioned to draft a report on the subject by the Basque government, reject the term, seeing it as legitimate state agencies fighting a terrorist group which had been responsible for the vast majority of deaths.
"Basque conflict" is preferred by Basque nationalist groups, including those opposed to ETA violence. It has been sometimes referred to as "Europe's longest war". It was the longest running violent conflict in modern Western Europe. The conflict took place mostly on Spanish soil, although to a smaller degree it was also present in France, which was primarily used as a safe haven by ETA members. ETA had been proscribed as a terrorist organization by the Spanish, British, French and American authorities at different moments. The movement was built around the separatist organization ETA, which had launched a campaign of attacks against Spanish administrations since 1959.
The Basque conflict, also known as the Spain–ETA conflict, was an armed and political conflict from 1959 to 2011 between Spain and the Basque National Liberation Movement, a group of social and political Basque organizations which sought independence from Spain and France.
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